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Výskyt patogenů v porostu lilku bramboru
Novák, Ondřej
This bachelor thesis is focused on the occurrence of pathogens in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop. The objectives of the thesis were to describe potato, to describe the pathogens that attack potato and, in the practical part, to observe and evaluate the occurrence of late blight, early blight (on chemically treated and untreated parts of the plot) and Y – virus of potato. In each section, pathogen incidence was monitored on 15 varieties. Late blight occurred only minimally in the crop. This was due to the dry and warm weather during the growing season, which caused minimal spread of the disease. On the other hand, early blight occurred on all varieties surveyed. This disease usually appears in the crops during the warm and intermittently wet season. Y-virus of potato was significantly present on one third of the varieties surveyed. The occurrence was caused by a record infestation of the peach aphid, which transmits the PVY virus.
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Determination of nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of different edible roots
Ciffrová, Karolína ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected edible roots, their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and use in healthy eating. Eight selected edible roots were analyzed: type A, B and C potatoes, red potatoes, sweet potatoes, and purple potatoes were selected as representatives of potatoes. Jerusalem artichoke and cassava represent the other two root crops. The theoretical section of the thesis describes the basic characteristics of root crops, as well as the description and composition of the nutritional substances they contain, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and antioxidant properties. The general characteristics of the methods used for analysis are also described here. The experimental part is based on specific analyses, procedures, results, chemicals and laboratory equipment used to determine the basic nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of these selected root vegetables. First, the total dry matter content was established to be about 23 % in the selected root crops. Higher dry matter content was determined for the cassava at 35 %. Crude protein content determined by the Kjeldahl method ranges from 6.5-9.9 %. The gravimetrically determined fiber in the given root crops was in the range of 0.27–0.91 %. The starch content is significantly higher in the cassava (46 %) than in other root crops. The inulin content was determined in sweet potatoes and Jerusalem artichokes instead of starch content; this value is significant for the Jerusalem artichoke (258.58 g/kg). Fat content in grams per 100 grams of dry matter was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Significant fat content was determined for sweet potatoes (12.6 g/100 g). From the extracted fats, the fatty acid profile was determined for individual root vegetables, such as the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total and reducing carbohydrates, determined by the spectrophotometric method, were measured separately in the peel and pulp of the root crops. Antioxidant capacity was determined using antioxidant activity values, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations. Of the vitamins, vitamin C was determined, vitamin E only in type B, C and purple potatoes. For sweet potatoes, beta-carotene was determined to be 540.56 g/g. The measured and calculated results are plotted in graphs. Finally, there is a discussion of the conclusions of the individual methods.
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Influence of potato seed coating with entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi on the yield and quality of potato tubers
SOBOLÍK, Martin
Quality seed plays an important role in potato cultivation. Only recognised and certified seed potatoes should be used for planting. The health of the seed potatoes is therefore an important parameter. In the bachelor thesis, the effect of seedling coated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum and the mycoparasitic fungusTrichoderma virens on yield-forming parameters and the health status of the crop and subsequently harvested tubers was investigated. Both beneficial fungal species M. brunneum and T. virens had a positive effect on the growth and development of potato plant. In particular, the mycoparasitic fungus T. virens positively affected growth parameters in plants. Plants from seedlings coated with M. brunneum produced largerer and heavier tubers in compare to the control and T. virens variants. During the vegetation, the M. brunneum variant had statistically the lowest number of larvae and adults of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata. From the data, it was found that the highest actual yield was achieved with the T. virens variant and the theoretical yield with the M. brunneum variant. The BP results suggest that biological methods of plant protection by using of beneficial fungi for coating seeds can be used as an Potato Integrated Pest Management.
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Comparison of nutritional and utility value of tubers in selected cultivars of table potatoes
BOUŠKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the differences in the content of selected nutritionally significant substances and evaluation of cooking quality for the selected set of varieties of consumer potatoes. A general introduction to the issue is contained in the literary overview. In 2019, a small-scale experiment was established in Lukavci with 6 varieties of consumer potato varieties and 1 variety for processing into starch (as a contrast control). Cultivation took place under the conditions of conventional cultivation technology. The crop was harvested by hand on 11. 10. 2019. Subsequently, samples were taken for chemical analysis. The experiment evaluated the average tuber weight, dry matter content, N-substances and protein content, total polyphenol content and total antioxydant activity. The table value of tubers was assessed through a cooking test with a panel of evaluators. All data obtained were statistically evaluated and processed into graphs.
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Biology and control of weeds in root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.)
SAMOHEJL, Petr
In the theoretical part, agricultural techniques in the cultivation of potatoes were described and selected weed species were characterized, those that cause damage not only regarding root crops. Chemical protection is currently considered to be an important and most represented method for the regulation of weed species. It resides in the use of plant protecting herbicide products to limit the population of weed species below the economic hazard threshold. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on monitoring the biology and regulation of weeds in the cultivation of root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.). On an experimental plot of land managed by the Samohejl family near the village of Malešice (district České Budějovice) in the South Bohemian Region. Three potato varieties (Adéla, Belana, Marabel) and three different herbicides (Arcade 880 WG, Mistral and Sencor Liquid) were compared and the yield of tubers of cultivated potato varieties was monitored at the same time. The results showed that the effect was different for each herbicide. Due to their active substance (metribuzin), the small effect of these products was manifested on sow thistle and creeping spider. As a secondary result, the yield of tubers of individual varieties of potatoes in different treatments was monitored, when individual varieties responded to different herbicide treatments and thus provided different yields in these cases.
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Biochemistry of polyphenols effects in the treatment of vascular disease
Kondrashov, Alexey ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pecháňová, Olga (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with the deep analysis of polyphenols effects toward vascular disorders. This work provides a number of experimental results of studying both the effects of natural bioactive compounds in red wines and potatoes, and their application to the experiments which includes experimental animal models with spontaneous hypertension. Methods and equipment used in experimental studies allowed us to make several new statements regarding the universal nature of the relationships between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content in examined foodstuffs. Besides this it is also recognized that food is a source of minerals which also contribute to the total antioxidant capacity and therefore may have influence the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by providing the essential cofactors. Experimentally we have found that the concentrations of magnesium known for its therapeutic action in wine and red wine extract are comparable to the mineral waters recommended for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, synergistic interactions between selected minerals have been found. The key issue of bioavailability of polyphenols for supporting the idea of the beneficial effects of diet rich in fruits and vegetables toward vascular disease prevention...
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Cryopreservation of sensitive potato genotypes
Faltus, Miloš ; Bilavčík, Alois ; Zámečník, Jiří
This methodology describes the preparation of explants prior to cryopreservation, dehydration of shoot tips, procedure and principles of sample cryopreservation, regeneration of control plants, including evaluation of explant survival and regeneration for sensitive potato genotypes which were formerly very difficult to cryopreserve. Ministry of agriculture of the Czech Republic is the user of this methodology and it applies it in the framework of the "National program for conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources, animals and micro-organisms important for nutrition and agriculture".
Fulltext:  PDF
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Biochemistry of polyphenols effects in the treatment of vascular disease
Kondrashov, Alexey ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pecháňová, Olga (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with the deep analysis of polyphenols effects toward vascular disorders. This work provides a number of experimental results of studying both the effects of natural bioactive compounds in red wines and potatoes, and their application to the experiments which includes experimental animal models with spontaneous hypertension. Methods and equipment used in experimental studies allowed us to make several new statements regarding the universal nature of the relationships between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content in examined foodstuffs. Besides this it is also recognized that food is a source of minerals which also contribute to the total antioxidant capacity and therefore may have influence the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by providing the essential cofactors. Experimentally we have found that the concentrations of magnesium known for its therapeutic action in wine and red wine extract are comparable to the mineral waters recommended for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, synergistic interactions between selected minerals have been found. The key issue of bioavailability of polyphenols for supporting the idea of the beneficial effects of diet rich in fruits and vegetables toward vascular disease prevention...
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